Windows Server 2008 Interview Questions and Answers

1. What are some of the new tools and features provided by Windows Server 2008?
Windows Server 2008 now provides a desktop environment similar to Microsoft Windows Vista and includes tools also found in Vista, such as the new backup snap-in and the Bit Locker drive encryption feature. Windows Server 2008 also provides the new IIS7 web server and the Windows Deployment Service.

2. What are the different editions of Windows Server 2008?
The entry-level version of Windows Server 2008 is the Standard Edition. The Enterprise Edition provides a platform for large enterprise wide networks. The Datacenter Edition provides support for unlimited Hyper-V virtualization and advanced clustering services. The Web Edition is a scaled-down version of Windows Server 2008 intended for use as a dedicated web server. The Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter Editions can be purchased with or without the Hyper-V virtualization technology.

3. What two hardware considerations should be an important part of the planning process for a Windows Server 2008 deployment?
Any server on which you will install Windows Server 2008 should have at least the minimum hardware requirement for running the network operating system. Server hardware should also be on the Windows Server 2008 Hardware Compatibility List to avoid the possibility of hardware and network operating system incompatibility.

4. What are the options for installing Windows Server 2008?
You can install Windows Server 2008 on a server not currently configured with NOS, or you can upgrade existing servers running Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003.

5. How do you configure and manage a Windows Server 2008 core installation?
This stripped-down version of Windows Server 2008 is managed from the command line.

6. Which Control Panel tool enables you to automate the running of server utilities and other applications?
The Task Scheduler enables you to schedule the launching of tools such as Windows Backup and Disk Defragmenter.

7. What are some of the items that can be accessed via the System Properties dialog box?
You can access virtual memory settings and the Device Manager via the System Properties dialog box.

8. When a child domain is created in the domain tree, what type of trust relationship exists between the new child domain and the trees root domain?
Child domains and the root domain of a tree are assigned transitive trusts. This means that the root domain and child domain trust each other and allow resources in any domain in the tree to be accessed by users in any domain in the tree.

9. What is the primary function of domain controllers?

The primary function of domain controllers is to validate users to the network. However, domain controllers also provide the catalog of Active Directory objects to users on the network.

10. What are some of the other roles that a server running Windows Server 2008 could fill on the network?
A server running Windows Server 2008 can be configured as a domain controller, a file server, a print server, a web server, or an application server. Windows servers can also have roles and features that provide services such as DNS, DHCP, and Routing and Remote Access.

11. Which Windows Server 2008 tools make it easy to manage and configure a server’s roles and features?
The Server Manager window enables you to view the roles and features installed on a server and also to quickly access the tools used to manage these various roles and features. The Server Manager can be used to add and remove roles and features as needed.

12. What Windows Server 2008 service is used to install client operating systems over the network?
Windows Deployment Services (WDS) enables you to install client and server operating systems over the network to any computer with a PXE-enabled network interface.

13. What domain services are necessary for you to deploy the Windows Deployment Services on your network?
Windows Deployment Services requires that a DHCP server and a DNS server be installed in the domain.

14. How is WDS configured and managed on a server running Windows Server 2008?
The Windows Deployment Services snap-in enables you to configure the WDS server and add boot and install images to the server.

15. What is the difference between a basic and dynamic drive in the Windows Server 2008 environment?
A basic disk embraces the MS-DOS disk structure; a basic disk can be divided into partitions (simple volumes).
Dynamic disks consist of a single partition that can be divided into any number of volumes. Dynamic disks also support Windows Server 2008 RAID implementations.

16. What is RAID in Windows Server 2008?
RAID, or Redundant Array of Independent Disks, is a strategy for building fault tolerance into your file servers. RAID enables you to combine one or more volumes on separate drives so that they are accessed by a single drive letter. Windows Server 2008 enables you to configure RAID 0 (a striped set), RAID 1 (a mirror set), and RAID 5 (disk striping with parity).

17. What conceptual model helps provide an understanding of how network protocol stacks such as TCP/IP work?
The OSI model, consisting of the application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers, helps describe how data is sent and received on the network by protocol stacks.

18. What protocol stack is installed by default when you install Windows Server 2008 on a network server?
TCP/IP (v4 and v6) is the default protocol for Windows Server 2008. It is required for Active Directory implementations and provides for connectivity on heterogeneous networks.

19. How is a server running Windows Server 2008 configured as a domain controller, such as the domain controller for the root domain or a child domain?
Installing the Active Directory on a server running Windows Server 2008 provides you with the option of creating a root domain for a domain tree or of creating child domains in an existing tree. Installing Active Directory on the server makes the server a domain controller.

20. What are some of the tools used to manage Active Directory objects in a Windows Server 2008 domain?
When the Active Directory is installed on a server (making it a domain controller), a set of Active Directory snap-ins is provided. The Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in is used to manage Active Directory objects such as user accounts, computers, and groups. The Active Directory Domains and Trusts snap-in enables you to manage the trusts that are defined between domains. The Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in provides for the management of domain sites and subnets.

21. How are domain user accounts created and managed?
The Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in provides the tools necessary for creating user accounts and managing account properties. Properties for user accounts include settings related to logon hours, the computers to which a user can log on, and the settings related to the user's password.

22. What type of Active Directory objects can be contained in a group?
A group can contain users, computers, contacts, and other nested groups.

23. What type of group is not available in a domain that is running at the mixed-mode functional level?
Universal groups are not available in a mixed-mode domain. The functional level must be raised to Windows 2003 or Windows 2008 to make these groups available.

24. What types of Active Directory objects can be contained in an Organizational Unit?
Organizational Units can hold users, groups, computers, contacts, and other OUs. The Organizational Unit provides you with a container directly below the domain level that enables you to refine the logical hierarchy of how your users and other resources are arranged in the Active Directory.

25. What are Active Directory sites in Windows Server 2008?
Active Directory sites are physical locations on the network's physical topology. Each regional domain that you create is assigned to a site. Sites typically represent one or more IP subnets that are connected by IP routers. Because sites are separated from each other by a router, the domain controllers on each site periodically replicate the Active Directory to update the Global Catalog on each site segment.

26. Can servers running Windows Server 2008 provide services to clients when they are not part of a domain?
Servers running Windows Server 2008 can be configured to participate in a workgroup. The server can provide some services to the workgroup peers but does not provide the security and management tools provided to domain controllers.

27. What does the use of Group Policy provide you as a network administrator?
Group Policy provides a method of controlling user and computer configuration settings for Active Directory containers such as sites, domains, and OUs. GPOs are linked to a particular container, and then individual policies and administrative templates are enabled to control the environment for the users or computers within that particular container.

28. What tools are involved in managing and deploying Group Policy?
GPOs and their settings, links, and other information such as permissions can be viewed in the Group Policy Management snap-in.

29. How do you deal with Group Policy inheritance issues?
GPOs are inherited down through the Active Directory tree by default. You can block the inheritance of settings from upline GPOs (for a particular container such as an OU or a local computer) by selecting Block Inheritance for that particular object. If you want to enforce a higher-level GPO so that it overrides directly linked GPOs, you can use the Enforce command on the inherited (or upline) GPO.

30. How can you make sure that network clients have the most recent Windows updates installed and have other important security features such as the Windows Firewall enabled before they can gain full network access?
You can configure a Network Policy Server (a service available in the Network Policy and Access Services role). The Network Policy Server can be configured to compare desktop client settings with health validators to determine the level of network access afforded to the client.

31. What is the purpose of deploying local DNS servers?
A domain DNS server provides for the local mapping of fully qualified domain names to IP addresses. Because the DNS is a distributed database, the local DNS servers can provide record information to remote DNS servers to help resolve remote requests related to fully qualified domain names on your network.

In terms of DNS, what is a caching-only server?
A caching-only DNS server supplies information related to queries based on the data it contains in its DNS cache. Caching-only servers are often used as DNS forwarders. Because they are not configured with any zones, they do not generate network traffic related to zone transfers.

How the range of IP addresses is defined for a Windows Server 2008 DHCP server?
The IP addresses supplied by the DHCP server are held in a scope. A scope that contains more than one subnet of IP addresses is called a superscope. IP addresses in a scope that you do not want to lease can be included in an exclusion range.

Windows Group Policy Interview Questions!

What is group policy in active directory? What are Group Policy objects (GPOs)?
Group Policy objects, other than the local Group Policy object, are virtual objects. The policy setting information of a GPO is actually stored in two locations: the Group Policy container and the Group Policy template.

The Group Policy container is an Active Directory container that stores GPO properties, including information on version, GPO status, and a list of components that have settings in the GPO.

The Group Policy template is a folder structure within the file system that stores Administrative Template-based policies, security settings, script files, and information regarding applications that are available for Group Policy Software Installation.
The Group Policy template is located in the system volume folder (Sysvol) in the \Policies subfolder for its domain.

What is the order in which GPOs are applied?
Group Policy settings are processed in the following order:
1.Local Group Policy object : Each computer has exactly one Group Policy object that is stored locally. This processes for both computer and user Group Policy processing.

2. Site: Any GPOs that have been linked to the site that the computer belongs to are processed next. Processing is in the order that is specified by the administrator, on the Linked Group Policy Objects tab for the site in Group Policy Management Console (GPMC). The GPO with the lowest link order is processed last, and therefore has the highest precedence.

3. Domain: Processing of multiple domain-linked GPOs is in the order specified by the administrator, on the Linked Group Policy Objects tab for the domain in GPMC. The GPO with the lowest link order is processed last, and therefore has the highest precedence.

4. Organizational units : GPOs that are linked to the organizational unit that is highest in the Active Directory hierarchy are processed first, then POs that are linked to its child organizational unit, and so on. Finally, the GPOs that are linked to the organizational unit that contains the user or computer are processed.

At the level of each organizational unit in the Active Directory hierarchy, one, many, or no GPOs can be linked. If several GPOs are linked to an organizational unit, their processing is in the order that is specified by the administrator, on the Linked Group Policy Objects tab for the organizational unit in GPMC.

The GPO with the lowest link order is processed last, and therefore has the highest precedence.
This order means that the local GPO is processed first, and GPOs that are linked to the organizational unit of which the computer or user is a direct member are processed last, which overwrites settings in the earlier GPOs if there are conflicts. (If there are no conflicts, then the earlier and later settings are merely aggregated.)

How to backup/restore Group Policy objects?
Begin the process by logging on to a Windows Server 2008 domain controller, and opening the Group Policy Management console. Now, navigate through the console tree to Group Policy Management | Forest: | Domains | | Group Policy Objects.

When you do, the details pane should display all of the group policy objects that are associated with the domain. In Figure A there are only two group policy objects, but in a production environment you may have many more. The Group Policy Objects container stores all of the group policy objects for the domain.

Now, right-click on the Group Policy Objects container, and choose the Back Up All command from the shortcut menu. When you do, Windows will open the Back Up Group Policy Object dialog box.

As you can see in Figure B, this dialog box requires you to provide the path to which you want to store the backup files. You can either store the backups in a dedicated folder on a local drive, or you can place them in a folder on a mapped network drive. The dialog box also contains a Description field that you can use to provide a description of the backup that you are creating.

You must provide the path to which you want to store your backup of the group policy objects.
To initiate the backup process, just click the Back Up button. When the backup process completes, you should see a dialog box that tells you how many group policy objects were successfully backed up. Click OK to close the dialog box, and you're all done.

When it comes to restoring a backup of any Group Policy Object, you have two options. The first option is to right-click on the Group Policy Object, and choose the Restore From Backup command from the shortcut menu. When you do this, Windows will remove all of the individual settings from the Group Policy Object, and then implement the settings found in the backup.

Your other option is to right-click on the Group Policy Object you want to restore, and choose the Import Settings option. This option works more like a merge than a restore.
Any settings that presently reside within the Group Policy Object are retained unless there is a contradictory settings within the file that is being imported.

You want to standardize the desktop environments (wallpaper, My Documents, Start menu, printers etc.) on the computers in one department. How would you do that?
go to Start->programs->Administrative tools->Active Directory Users and Computers
Right Click on Domain->click on preoperties
On New windows Click on Group Policy
Select Default Policy->click on Edit
on group Policy console
go to User Configuration->Administrative Template->Start menu and Taskbar
Select each property you want to modify and do the same.

What is the difference between software publishing and assigning?
Assign Users: The software application is advertised when the user logs on. It is installed when the user clicks on the software application icon via the start menu, or accesses a file that has been associated with the software application.

Assign Computers: The software application is advertised and installed when it is safe to do so, such as when the computer is next restarted.

Publish to users: The software application does not appear on the start menu or desktop. This means the user may not know that the software is available. The software application is made available via the Add/Remove Programs option in control panel, or by clicking on a file that has been associated with the application. Published applications do not reinstall themselves in the event of accidental deletion, and it is not possible to publish to computers.

What are administrative templates?
Administrative Templates are a feature of Group Policy, a Microsoft technology for centralised management of machines and users in an Active Directory environment. Administrative Templates facilitate the management of registry-based policy. An ADM file is used to describe both the user interface presented to the Group Policy administrator and the registry keys that should be updated on the target machines.

An ADM file is a text file with a specific syntax which describes both the interface and the registry values which will be changed if the policy is enabled or disabled.

ADM files are consumed by the Group Policy Object Editor (GPEdit). Windows XP Service Pack 2 shipped with five ADM files (system.adm, inetres.adm, wmplayer.adm, conf.adm and wuau.adm). These are merged into a unified "namespace" in GPEdit and presented to the administrator under the Administrative Templates node (for both machine and user policy).

Can I deploy non-MSI software with GPO?
create the file in .zap extension.

Name some GPO settings in the computer and user parts?
Group Policy Object (GPO) computer=Computer Configuration, User=User Configuration Name some GPO settings in the computer and user parts.

A user claims he did not receive a GPO, yet his user and computer accounts are in the right OU, and everyone else there gets the GPO. What will you look for?
Make sure user not be member of loopback policy as in loopback policy it doesn't effect user settings only computer policy will applicable. if he is member of gpo filter grp or not?
You may also want to check the computers event logs. If you find event ID 1085 then you may want to download the patch to fix this and reboot the computer.

How can I override blocking of inheritance?

You can set No Override on a specific Group Policy object link so that Group Policy objects linked at a lower-level of Active Directory — closer to the recipient user or computer account — cannot override that policy. If you do this, Group Policy objects linked at the same level, but not as No Override, are also prevented from overriding. If you have several links set to No Override , at the same level of Active Directory, then you need to prioritize them. Links higher in the list have priority on all Configured (that is, enabled or Disabled) settings.

If you have linked a specific Group Policy object to a domain, and set the Group Policy object link to No Override, then the configured Group Policy settings that the Group Policy object contains apply to all organizational units under that domain. Group Policy objects linked to organizational units cannot override that domain-linked Group Policy object.

You can also block inheritance of Group Policy from above in Active Directory. This is done by checking Block Policy inheritance on the Group Policy tab of the Properties sheet of the domain or organizational unit. This option does not exist for a site.

Some important facts about No Override and Block Policy are listed below:
# No Override is set on a link, not on a site, domain, organizational unit, or Group Policy object.
# Block Policy Inheritance is set on a domain or organizational unit, and therefore applies to all Group Policy objects linked at that level or higher in Active Directory which can be overridden.
# No Override takes precedence over Block Policy Inheritance if the two are in conflict.

What can I do to prevent inheritance from above?

You can block policy inheritance for a domain or organizational unit. Using block inheritance prevents GPOs linked to higher sites, domains, or organizational units from being automatically inherited by the child-level. By default, children inherit all GPOs from the parent, but it is sometimes useful to block inheritance. For example, if you want to apply a single set of policies to an entire domain except for one organizational unit, you can link the required GPOs at the domain level (from which all organizational units inherit policies by default), and then block inheritance only on the organizational unit to which the policies should not be applied.

Name a few benefits of using GPMC.

Microsoft released the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) years ago, which is an amazing innovation in Group Policy management. The tool provides control over Group Policy in the following manner:
# Easy administration of all GPOs across the entire Active Directory Forest
# View of all GPOs in one single list
# Reporting of GPO settings, security, filters, delegation, etc.
# Control of GPO inheritance with Block Inheritance, Enforce, and Security Filtering
# Delegation model
# Backup and restore of GPOs
# Migration of GPOs across different domains and forests

With all of these benefits, there are still negatives in using the GPMC alone. Granted, the GPMC is needed and should be used by everyone for what it is ideal for. However, it does fall a bit short when you want to protect the GPOs from the following:

# Role based delegation of GPO management
# Being edited in production, potentially causing damage to desktops and servers
# Forgetting to back up a GPO after it has been modified
# Change management of each modification to every GPO

How frequently is the client policy refreshed?
 90 minutes give or take.

Where is secedit ?
It’s now gpupdate.

What is Group Policy Modeling?
This is a simulation of what would happen under circumstances specified by an administrator. Group Policy Modeling requires that you have at least one domain controller running Windows Server 2003 because this simulation is performed by a service running on a domain controller that is running Windows Server 2003. With Group Policy Modeling, you can either simulate the RSoP data that would be applied for an existing configuration, or you can perform "what-if" analyses by simulating hypothetical changes to your directory environment and then calculating the RSoP for that hypothetical configuration.

For example, you can simulate changes to security group membership, or changes to the location of the user or computer object in Active Directory. Outside of GPMC, Group Policy Modeling is referred to as RSoP - planning mode. Note that although Windows 2000 does not provide the RSoP infrastructure, Group Policy Modeling can be used as an effective way to simulate the effect of Group Policy on Windows 2000 computers.

What is Group Policy Results? 
This represents the actual policy data that is applied to a given computer and user. It is obtained by querying the target computer and retrieving the RSoP data that was applied to that computer. The Group Policy Results capability is provided by the client operating system and requires Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 or later. Outside of GPMC, Group Policy Results is referred to as RSoP - logging mode.

What can be restricted on Windows Server 2003 that wasn’t there in previous products? 
Group Policy in Windows Server 2003 determines a user’s right to modify network and dial-up TCP/IP properties. Users may be selectively restricted from modifying their IP address and other network configuration parameters.

You want to create a new group policy but do not wish to inherit.
Make sure you check Block inheritance among the options when creating the policy. 

Windows DNS Server Interview Questions

> What is DNS ?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers. The Domain Name System distributes the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to IP addresses by designating authoritative name servers for each domain. Authoritative name servers are assigned to be responsible for their particular domains, and in turn can assign other authoritative name servers for their sub-domains.

>What is the main purpose of a DNS server?
DNS servers are used to resolve FQDN hostnames into IP addresses and vice versa.

>What is the port no of dns ?
53.

>What is a Forward Lookup?
Resolving Host Names to IP Addresses.

>What is Reverse Lookup?
It?s a file contains host names to IP mapping information.

>What is a Resource Record?
It is a record provides the information about the resources available in the N/W infrastructure.

>What are the diff. DNS Roles?
Standard Primary, Standard Secondary, & AD Integrated.

>What is a Zone?
Zone is a sub tree of DNS database.

>Secure services in your network require reverse name resolution to make it more difficult to launch successful attacks against the services. To set this up, you configure a reverse lookup zone and proceed to add records. Which record types do you need to create?
PTR Records

>SOA records must be included in every zone. What are they used for ?
SOA records contain a TTL value, used by default in all resource records in the zone. SOA records contain the e-mail address of the person who is responsible for maintaining the zone. SOA records contain the current serial number of the zone, which is used in zone transfers.

>By default, if the name is not found in the cache or local hosts file, what is the first step the client takes to resolve the FQDN name into an IP address ?
Performs a recursive search through the primary DNS server based on the network interface configuration .

> On which port DNS server works ?
DNS servers use port 53 by default. Incoming and outgoing packets should be allowed on port 53. Also allow connections on port 921 if you configure a lightweight resolver server.

The DNS control utility, rndc, connects to the DNS server with TCP port 953 by default. If you are running rndc on the name server, connections on this TCP port from localhost should be allowed. If you are running rndc on additional systems, allow connections to port 953 (or whatever port you have chosen to configure) from these additional systems.

> What is round robin DNS?
Round robin DNS is usually used for balancing the load of geographically distributed Web servers. For example, a company has one domain name and three identical home pages residing on three servers with three different IP addresses. When one user accesses the home page it will be sent to the first IP address.

The second user who accesses the home page will be sent to the next IP address, and the third user will be sent to the third IP address. In each case, once the IP address is given out, it goes to the end of the list. The fourth user, therefore, will be sent to the first IP address, and so forth.

> What is primary, Secondary, stub & AD Integrated Zone?
Primary Zone: - zone which is saved as normal text file with filename (.dns) in DBS folder. Maintains a read, write copy of zone database.

Secondary Zone: - maintains a read only copy of zone database on another DNS server. Provides fault tolerance and load balancing by acting as backup server to primary server.

Stub zone: - contains a copy of name server and SOA records used for reducing the DNS search orders. Provides fault tolerance and load balancing.

> How do you manually create SRV records in DNS?
This is on windows server go to run ---> dnsmgmt.msc rightclick on the zone you want to add srv record to and choose "other new record" and choose service location(srv).

> What is the main purpose of SRV records ?
SRV records are used in locating hosts that provide certain network services.

> Before installing your first domain controller in the network, you installed a DNS server and created a zone, naming it as you would name your AD domain. However, after the installation of the domain controller, you are unable to locate infrastructure SRV records anywhere in the zone. What is the most likely cause of this failure ?
The zone you created was not configured to allow dynamic updates. The local interface on the DNS server was not configured to allow dynamic updates.

> What is Name Server?
A name server keeps information for the translation of domain names to IP addresses and IP addresses to domain names. The name server is a program that performs the translation at the request of a resolver or another name server.

> What is Primary name server or primary master server?
Primary name server/primary masteris the main data source for the zone. It is the authoritative server for the zone. This server acquires data about its zone from databases saved on a local disk. The primary server must be published as an authoritative name server for the domain in the SOA resource record, while the primary master server does not need to be published.

>What is Secondary name server/slave name server?
Secondary name server/slave name server acquires data about the zone by copying the data from the primary name server (respectively from the master server) at regular time intervals. It makes no sense to edit these databases on the secondary name servers, although they are saved on the local server disk because they will be rewritten during further copying.

> Which of the following conditions must be satisfied to configure dynamic DNS updates for legacy clients ?
The zone to be used for dynamic updates must be configured to allow dynamic updates. The DHCP server must support, and be configured to allow, dynamic updates for legacy clients.

> At some point during the name resolution process, the requesting party received authoritative reply. Which further actions are likely to be taken after this reply ?
After receiving the authoritative reply, the resolution process is effectively over.

> Name 3 benefits of using AD-integrated zones.
Active Directory integrated DNS enables Active Directory storage and replication of DNS zone databases. Windows 2000 DNS server, the DNS server that is included with Windows 2000 Server, accommodates storing zone data in Active Directory.

When you configure a computer as a DNS server, zones are usually stored as text files on name servers that is, all of the zones required by DNS are stored in a text file on the server computer.

These text files must be synchronized among DNS name servers by using a system that requires a separate replication topology and schedule called a zone transfer However, if you use Active Directory integrated DNS when you configure a domain controller as a DNS name server, zone data is stored as an Active Directory object and is replicated as part of domain replication.

> What is Root name server?
Root name server is an authoritative name server for the root domain (for the dot). Each root name server is a primary server, which differentiates it from other name servers.

Windows DHCP Interview Questions and Answers

>What is dhcp?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables a server to automatically assign an IP address to a computer from a defined range of numbers (i.e., a scope) configured for a given network.

>What is the dhcp process for client machine?
1. A user turns on a computer with a DHCP client.
2. The client computer sends a broadcast request (called a DISCOVER or DHCPDISCOVER), looking for a DHCP server to answer.
3. The router directs the DISCOVER packet to the correct DHCP server.
4. The server receives the DISCOVER packet. Based on availability and usage policies set on the server, the server determines an appropriate address (if any) to give to the client. The server then temporarily reserves that address for the client and sends back to the client an OFFER (or DHCPOFFER) packet, with that address information. The server also configures the client's DNS servers, WINS servers, NTP servers, and sometimes other services as well.
5. The client sends a REQUEST (or DHCPREQUEST) packet, letting the server know that it intends to use the address.
6. The server sends an ACK (or DHCPACK) packet, confirming that the client has a been given a lease on the address for a server-specified period of time.

>What is dhcp scope?
DHCP scopes are used to define ranges of addresses from which a DHCP server can assign IP addresses to clients.

>Types of scopes in windows dhcp ?
Normal Scope - Allows A, B and C Class IP address ranges to be specified including subnet masks, exclusions and reservations. Each normal scope defined must exist within its own subnet.

Multicast Scope - Used to assign IP address ranges for Class D networks. Multicast scopes do not have subnet masks, reservation or other TCP/IP options.

Multicast scope address ranges require that a Time To Live (TTL) value be specified (essentially the number of routers a packet can pass through on the way to its destination).

Superscope - Essentially a collection of scopes grouped together such that they can be enabled and disabled as a single entity.

>What is Authorizing DHCP Servers in Active Directory?
If a DHCP server is to operate within an Active Directory domain (and is not running on a domain controller) it must first be authorized.
This can be achieved either as part of the DHCP Server role installation, or subsequently using either DHCP console or at the command prompt using the netsh tool.
If the DHCP server was not authorized during installation, invoke the DHCP console (Start -> All Programs -> Administrative Tools -> DHCP),
right click on the DHCP to be authorized and select Authorize. To achieve the same result from the command prompt, enter the following command:
netsh dhcp server serverID initiate auth
In the above command syntax, serverID is replaced by the IP address or full UNC name of system on which the DHCP server is installed.

>What ports are used by DHCP and the DHCP clients?
Requests are on UDP port 68, Server replies on UDP 67.

>Benefits of using DHCP
DHCP provide the following benefits for administering your TCP/IP-based network:
Safe and reliable configuration. DHCP avoids configuration errors caused by the need to manually type in values at each computer. Also, DHCP helps prevent address conflicts caused by a previously assigned IP address being reused to configure a new computer on the network.
Reduces configuration management.

Using DHCP servers can greatly decrease time spent to configuring and reconfiguring computers on your network. Servers can be configured to supply a full range of additional configuration values when assigning address leases. These values are assigned using DHCP options. Also, the DHCP lease renewal process helps assure that where client configurations need to be updated often (such as users with mobile or portable computers who change locations frequently), these changes can be made efficiently and automatically by clients communicating directly with DHCP servers.

The following section covers issues that affect the use of the DHCP Server service with other services or network configurations. Using DNS servers with DHCP Using Routing and Remote Access servers with DHCP Multihomed DHCP servers.

>Describe the process of installing a DHCP server in an AD infrastructure ?
Open Windows Components Wizard. Under Components , scroll to and click Networking Services. Click Details . Under Subcomponents of Networking Services , click Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and then click OK .

Click Next . If prompted, type the full path to the Windows Server 2003 distribution files, and then click Next. Required files are copied to your hard disk.

Configuring G mail account in MS office outlook 2013

Click Start and search for outlook

or windows key + R = Run prompt type outlook

Then you will get this first pop up for configuring outlook

What i am going to show here is Automatic method
Manual method will be little off to understand so here we go with automatic method

Select Yes to add an email account to Outlook.  Now you’re ready to start entering your settings to access your email.

   

Outlook 2013 can often automatically find and configure your account with just your email address and password, so enter these and click Next to let Outlook try to set it up automatically.

Outlook will now scan for the settings for your email account.

If there is any like this below screen

Follow this link Click here

and Give access to less secured Apps TURN ON

Then it should work fine without any error

If Outlook was able to find settings and configure your account automatically, you’ll see this success screen.

Gmail will be all ready to sync with Outlook 2013.  Enjoy your Gmail account in Outlook, complete with fast indexed searching, conversation view, and more!

How to Back Up Blocked Senders List and Other Mail Rules

The Blocked Senders List

1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. In the Open box, type regedit, and then click OK.
3. Locate and click the following registry subkeys (save each key to a different file):

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Identities\{Identity Number}\Software\Microsoft\Outlook Express\5.0\Block Senders

4. On the Registry menu, click Export Registry File.
5. In the Save In box, change the location to your desktop.
6. In the File Name box, type blocked senders.reg (for the Block Senders key), and then click Save.

Other Mail Rules

1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. In the Open box, type regedit, and then click OK.
3. Locate and click the following registry subkeys (save each key to a different file):

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Identities\{Identity Number}\Software\Microsoft\Outlook Express\5.0\Rules\Mail

4. On the Registry menu, click Export Registry File.
5. In the Save In box, change the location to your desktop.
6. In the File Name box, type mail rules.reg (for the mail rules key), and then click Save.
7. On the Registry menu, click Exit.

NOTE: For additional protection, copy the registry key files from your desktop to any of the following locations:

• Another partition on your computer.
• A network location.
• Some form of removable media.

How to Restore the Existing Blocked Senders List and Other Mail Rules to Function on the Newly Installed Operating System

1. Open Outlook Express on the new computer, and complete the Internet Connection Wizard to set up your Identity and account information. If you had multiple identities in the previous installation, complete these steps for each Identity. To do this:
2. Click Start, and then click Run.
3. In the Open box, type notepad.exe.
4. Click Open on the File menu, and then locate the Block Senders.reg file that you created.
5. In the second line of text, select the text after "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Identity\" that includes the braces {}. On the Edit menu, click Copy to copy this text to the Microsoft Windows Clipboard.
6. On the Edit menu, click Replace. Click your pointer in the Find what box, and then click Paste on the Edit menu to paste the text into that box. Do not close the Notepad application until you are directed to do so later in this process.
7. Start Registry Editor on the new computer (as in step 1 of "The Blocked Senders List" section), and locate the HKEY_Current_User\Identities folder. Double-click the User ID key in the right pane, and then click the Value data.
8. Press CTRL+C to copy that value to the Windows Clipboard. Click Cancel to close the Edit String dialog box, and then close Registry Editor.
9. In Notepad, click your point in the Replace with box, and press CTRL+V to paste the text. Click Replace All to replace all instances of the text strings.
10. Scroll through the entire list to make sure that all registry keys have the new text string, rather than the old string. On the File menu, click Save, and then close Notepad.
11. Double-click the Block Senders.reg file, and then click Yes when you are prompted: "Are you sure you want to..." to import the Block Senders list to the registry for the new computer.
12. Follow steps 2 through 11 above on the mail rules.reg file to update that file with the new Identity information.