>What is dhcp?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables a server to automatically assign an IP address to a computer from a defined range of numbers (i.e., a scope) configured for a given network.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables a server to automatically assign an IP address to a computer from a defined range of numbers (i.e., a scope) configured for a given network.
>What is the dhcp process for
client machine?
1. A user turns on a computer with a DHCP client.
2. The client computer sends a broadcast request (called a DISCOVER or DHCPDISCOVER), looking for a DHCP server to answer.
3. The router directs the DISCOVER packet to the correct DHCP server.
4. The server receives the DISCOVER packet. Based on availability and usage policies set on the server, the server determines an appropriate address (if any) to give to the client. The server then temporarily reserves that address for the client and sends back to the client an OFFER (or DHCPOFFER) packet, with that address information. The server also configures the client's DNS servers, WINS servers, NTP servers, and sometimes other services as well.
5. The client sends a REQUEST (or DHCPREQUEST) packet, letting the server know that it intends to use the address.
6. The server sends an ACK (or DHCPACK) packet, confirming that the client has a been given a lease on the address for a server-specified period of time.
1. A user turns on a computer with a DHCP client.
2. The client computer sends a broadcast request (called a DISCOVER or DHCPDISCOVER), looking for a DHCP server to answer.
3. The router directs the DISCOVER packet to the correct DHCP server.
4. The server receives the DISCOVER packet. Based on availability and usage policies set on the server, the server determines an appropriate address (if any) to give to the client. The server then temporarily reserves that address for the client and sends back to the client an OFFER (or DHCPOFFER) packet, with that address information. The server also configures the client's DNS servers, WINS servers, NTP servers, and sometimes other services as well.
5. The client sends a REQUEST (or DHCPREQUEST) packet, letting the server know that it intends to use the address.
6. The server sends an ACK (or DHCPACK) packet, confirming that the client has a been given a lease on the address for a server-specified period of time.
>What is dhcp scope?
DHCP scopes are used to define ranges of addresses from which a DHCP server can assign IP addresses to clients.
DHCP scopes are used to define ranges of addresses from which a DHCP server can assign IP addresses to clients.
>Types of scopes in windows dhcp
?
Normal Scope - Allows A, B and C Class IP address ranges to be specified including subnet masks, exclusions and reservations. Each normal scope defined must exist within its own subnet.
Normal Scope - Allows A, B and C Class IP address ranges to be specified including subnet masks, exclusions and reservations. Each normal scope defined must exist within its own subnet.
Multicast Scope - Used to assign IP
address ranges for Class D networks. Multicast scopes do not have subnet masks,
reservation or other TCP/IP options.
Multicast scope address ranges
require that a Time To Live (TTL) value be specified (essentially the number of
routers a packet can pass through on the way to its destination).
Superscope - Essentially a
collection of scopes grouped together such that they can be enabled and
disabled as a single entity.
>What is Authorizing DHCP Servers
in Active Directory?
If a DHCP server is to operate within an Active Directory domain (and is not running on a domain controller) it must first be authorized.
This can be achieved either as part of the DHCP Server role installation, or subsequently using either DHCP console or at the command prompt using the netsh tool.
If the DHCP server was not authorized during installation, invoke the DHCP console (Start -> All Programs -> Administrative Tools -> DHCP),
right click on the DHCP to be authorized and select Authorize. To achieve the same result from the command prompt, enter the following command:
netsh dhcp server serverID initiate auth
In the above command syntax, serverID is replaced by the IP address or full UNC name of system on which the DHCP server is installed.
If a DHCP server is to operate within an Active Directory domain (and is not running on a domain controller) it must first be authorized.
This can be achieved either as part of the DHCP Server role installation, or subsequently using either DHCP console or at the command prompt using the netsh tool.
If the DHCP server was not authorized during installation, invoke the DHCP console (Start -> All Programs -> Administrative Tools -> DHCP),
right click on the DHCP to be authorized and select Authorize. To achieve the same result from the command prompt, enter the following command:
netsh dhcp server serverID initiate auth
In the above command syntax, serverID is replaced by the IP address or full UNC name of system on which the DHCP server is installed.
>What ports are used by DHCP and
the DHCP clients?
Requests are on UDP port 68, Server replies on UDP 67.
Requests are on UDP port 68, Server replies on UDP 67.
>Benefits of using DHCP
DHCP provide the following benefits for administering your TCP/IP-based network:
Safe and reliable configuration. DHCP avoids configuration errors caused by the need to manually type in values at each computer. Also, DHCP helps prevent address conflicts caused by a previously assigned IP address being reused to configure a new computer on the network.
Reduces configuration management.
DHCP provide the following benefits for administering your TCP/IP-based network:
Safe and reliable configuration. DHCP avoids configuration errors caused by the need to manually type in values at each computer. Also, DHCP helps prevent address conflicts caused by a previously assigned IP address being reused to configure a new computer on the network.
Reduces configuration management.
Using DHCP servers can greatly
decrease time spent to configuring and reconfiguring computers on your network.
Servers can be configured to supply a full range of additional configuration
values when assigning address leases. These values are assigned using DHCP
options. Also, the DHCP lease renewal process helps assure that where client
configurations need to be updated often (such as users with mobile or portable
computers who change locations frequently), these changes can be made
efficiently and automatically by clients communicating directly with DHCP
servers.
The following section covers issues
that affect the use of the DHCP Server service with other services or network
configurations. Using DNS servers with DHCP Using Routing and Remote Access
servers with DHCP Multihomed DHCP servers.
>Describe the process of
installing a DHCP server in an AD infrastructure ?
Open Windows Components Wizard. Under Components , scroll to and click Networking Services. Click Details . Under Subcomponents of Networking Services , click Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and then click OK .
Open Windows Components Wizard. Under Components , scroll to and click Networking Services. Click Details . Under Subcomponents of Networking Services , click Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and then click OK .
Click Next . If prompted, type the
full path to the Windows Server 2003 distribution files, and then click Next.
Required files are copied to your hard disk.
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